Tối Ưu Hiệu Năng Trong Flutter
· 3 min read
1. Phân Tích Hiệu Năng
1.1. Công Cụ Đo Lường
- Flutter DevTools
- Performance Overlay
- Timeline Events
- Memory Profiler
1.2. Các Chỉ Số Quan Trọng
- Frame Rate (FPS)
- Memory Usage
- App Size
- Start-up Time
2. Tối Ưu Widget Tree
2.1. const Constructor
const MyWidget(
key: Key('my_widget'),
child: Text('Hello'),
)
2.2. Widget Rebuilding
- Sử dụng setState() hợp lý
- Tách nhỏ widget
- Dùng const widgets
- Implement shouldRebuild
3. Quản Lý Bộ Nhớ
3.1. Image Optimization
- Nén ảnh
- Lazy loading
- Caching
- Proper image formats
3.2. Memory Leaks
- Dispose controllers
- Cancel subscriptions
- Clear caches
- Release resources
4. Tối Ưu Build
4.1. Code Organization
- Tách code thành packages
- Lazy loading features
- Code splitting
- Tree shaking
4.2. Asset Management
- Compress assets
- Remove unused resources
- Optimize font loading
- SVG thay vì PNG
5. Network Optimization
5.1. API Calls
- Caching responses
- Batch requests
- Compression
- Cancel unused requests
5.2. Background Processing
- Isolates
- Compute functions
- Background tasks
- WorkManager
6. Animation Performance
6.1. Efficient Animations
AnimatedBuilder(
animation: controller,
builder: (context, child) {
return Transform.translate(
offset: Offset(0, animation.value),
child: child,
);
},
child: const MyWidget(), // Cached
)
6.2. Best Practices
- Use RepaintBoundary
- Avoid excessive animations
- Hardware acceleration
- Frame pacing
7. Database Optimization
7.1. Local Storage
- Indexed queries
- Batch operations
- Proper schema design
- Regular cleanup
7.2. Caching Strategy
- Memory cache
- Disk cache
- Network cache
- Cache invalidation
8. Code Level Optimization
8.1. Dart Code
- Async/await proper usage
- Proper collection types
- Constant values
- Code minification
8.2. Platform Channels
- Minimize platform calls
- Batch operations
- Proper error handling
- Background processing
9. Debug và Profile Mode
9.1. Profile Mode
- Release mode testing
- Performance metrics
- Memory leaks
- CPU usage
9.2. Debug Tools
- Flutter Inspector
- Performance overlay
- Debug flags
- Logging
10. Kiểm Tra Hiệu Năng
10.1. Automation
- Performance tests
- Benchmark tests
- CI/CD integration
- Monitoring tools
10.2. Metrics
- Frame build time
- Memory footprint
- Network latency
- App size metrics